Obesity, diabetes hypertension and cardiovascular disease are major risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The key role of inflammation in the macrovascular and microvascular complications of metabolic disease has led to considerable interest in exploring this pathogenic factor as a therapeutic target. The discovery of a class of lipid mediators (termed specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators or SPMs) which promote the resolution of inflammation highlights novel opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention. This REVIEW published in Nature Reviews Nephrology on 19th July 2021 with Eoin Brennan , Assistant Professor, Conway Institute, UCD as Lead Author, explores the role of SPMs in the resolution of inflammation and how they might be used as novel therapies in metabolic disease and complications such as CKD.